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The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus with cognitive functions.

Khaled Alkethiri1, Tariq Almtroudi1, Abdullah Bin Jurays1

  • 1College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Heliyon
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to reduced cognitive function, particularly in Saudi adults. Longer diabetes duration also correlates with worse cognitive performance, highlighting the importance of blood glucose management for brain health.

Keywords:
CANTABCognitive functionsCognitive impairmentDuration of diabetesGlycosylated hemoglobinType 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is prevalent in Saudi adults aged 40-69.
  • Cognitive impairment is a known complication of T2DM.
  • The relationship between glycemic control and cognitive function in this demographic requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cognitive functions in Saudi adults with T2DM.
  • To examine the impact of glycemic control on cognitive function in T2DM patients.
  • To correlate cognitive scores with diabetes duration and blood glucose levels.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-nine T2DM patients underwent cognitive testing (CANTAB, MMSE, FSS).
  • Cognitive scores were correlated with HbA1c, diabetes duration, and education.
  • Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c > 7.5%; patients with depression or cognitive disorders were excluded.

Main Results:

  • Poorly controlled T2DM patients exhibited significantly poorer performance on attention switching tasks (AST) and higher errors on intra-extra dimensional set shift (IED).
  • No significant differences in IED stages completed or spatial span (SSP) were found between groups.
  • MMSE and fatigue scores did not differ significantly, but longer T2DM duration correlated with increased AST latencies.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between glycemic control and cognitive function in T2DM patients.
  • Uncontrolled T2DM is linked to diminished cognitive scores.
  • Worsened cognitive function is associated with a longer duration of diabetes.