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Cryptococcal Osteomyelitis of the Entire Humerus: A Case Report
Okihiro Onishi1, Yoshikazu Kida1, Takashi Kiba1
1Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
JBJS Case Connector
|March 22, 2021
Summary
Cryptococcal osteomyelitis, a rare infection of the humerus caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, is described in a 70-year-old man. This case highlights the importance of considering fungal infections in bone disease.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Mycology
Background:
- Osteomyelitis, an infection of the bone, can have various etiologies.
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungus that can cause serious infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
- While common in other sites, humerus involvement by Cryptococcus neoformans is rare.
Observation:
- A 70-year-old male presented with left elbow and shoulder pain.
- Imaging revealed osteomyelitis affecting the entire humerus.
- Surgical debridement of the elbow and shoulder was performed.
Findings:
- Pathological examination confirmed Cryptococcus neoformans as the causative agent.
- The patient was treated with surgical management followed by an extended course of antibiotics.
- This case represents a rare instance of cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the entire humerus.
Implications:
- Orthopaedic surgeons should include cryptococcosis in the differential diagnosis for patients with unexplained osteomyelitis, especially of long bones.
- Early recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing this rare but serious infection.
- Further research may elucidate optimal treatment strategies for cryptococcal osteomyelitis.
