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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect
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TiO2 Nanonetwork on Rough Ti Enhanced Osteogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo.

W E Yang1,2,3, H H Huang1,4,5,6,7,8

  • 1Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Journal of Dental Research
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a superhydrophilic titanium dioxide nanonetwork on dental implants. This enhanced bone cell growth and improved implant integration in animal studies, paving the way for better dental restorations.

Keywords:
bone-implant interfacedental implantshydrophilicitynanostructuresosseointegrationsurface properties

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Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Functionalization of Ti Implants
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Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Functionalization of Ti Implants

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Dental Implantology

Background:

  • Titanium (Ti) dental implants often undergo surface treatments like sandblasting and acid etching (SLA) to improve osseointegration.
  • Enhancing the osteogenic response of dental implants is crucial for successful long-term integration and function.
  • Surface modifications at the nanoscale can significantly influence biological interactions with implant materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the osteogenic responses of roughened titanium dental implants.
  • To create a superhydrophilic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanonetwork surface structure on SLA-treated Ti implants.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of this nanonetwork on cell behavior and bone-to-implant contact.

Main Methods:

  • Titanium surfaces were roughened using sandblasting and acid etching (SLA).
  • A superhydrophilic TiO2 nanonetwork was formed on SLA Ti surfaces via electrochemical anodization.
  • In vitro studies utilized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to assess cell responses.
  • In vivo studies involved implanting anodized SLA screw-type Ti dental implants in rabbit femurs for 4 or 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • The TiO2 nanonetwork significantly increased surface hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, and mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and migration.
  • Osteogenic marker gene and protein expression, as well as cell mineralization, were positively affected by the nanonetwork.
  • In vivo results demonstrated significantly enhanced bone-to-implant contact for implants with the superhydrophilic TiO2 nanonetwork.
  • The nanonetwork structure, with pore sizes comparable to biological species, facilitated cellular interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The superhydrophilic TiO2 nanonetwork structure effectively enhances osteogenic responses in vitro.
  • The modified surface significantly improves osseointegration and bone-to-implant contact in vivo.
  • This surface engineering approach holds great promise for improving the clinical success of titanium dental implants.