[Initial treatment of burns]

Burns, scalds and caustic burns all bring about an increase in microvascular permeability, with volume losses into the interstitium and at the surface of the body. The first aid measures to be taken include removal of the source of heat, maintenance of the vital functions, institution of infusion therapy with Ringer's lactate, and sterile covering of burn wounds, followed by rapid transportation of the victim to the nearest hospital. The crucial immediate step to be taken at the hospital, when large-area burn wounds are present, is rapid parenteral administration of fluid. Local management of the burns must be effected under sterile conditions. If an inhalation injury is suspected careful diagnostic procedures must be carried out. Therapeutic measures depend on the diagnosis. Finally, reasons for transferring victims to a burns unit are given.