Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.0K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
10.0K
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

42.9K
Overview of Valence Bond Theory
42.9K
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

10.9K
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
10.9K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

57.6K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
57.6K
Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals02:38

Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

25.0K
According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
A σ bond (single bond in a Lewis structure) is a covalent bond in which the electron density is...
25.0K
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

421
Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
421

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fracton Infrared Triangle.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Asymptotic Symmetry Algebra of Einstein Gravity and Lorentz Generators.

Physical review letters·2023
Same author

Bondi-Metzner-Sachs Group in Five Spacetime Dimensions.

Physical review letters·2022
Same author

Spacetime Structure near Generic Horizons and Soft Hair.

Physical review letters·2020
Same author

Atypical Chlamydia Psittaci Pneumonia. Four Related Cases.

Archivos de bronconeumologia·2016
Same author

De Novo Design of an Allosteric Metalloprotein Assembly with Strained Disulfide Bonds.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers
04:36

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers

Published on: September 1, 2023

3.7K

Superconformal Bondi-Metzner-Sachs Algebra in Three Dimensions.

Oscar Fuentealba1, Hernán A González2, Alfredo Pérez3

  • 1Université Libre de Bruxelles and International Solvay Institutes, ULB-Campus Plaine CP231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

Physical Review Letters
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study constructs the conformal extension of the BMS3 algebra, revealing a rigid structure where central extensions and nonlinear terms are fixed by the Virasoro central charge. This offers a new perspective on infinite-dimensional algebras in theoretical physics.

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.0K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers
04:36

Author Spotlight: Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers

Published on: September 1, 2023

3.7K
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.0K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • High Energy Physics
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • The BMS3 algebra is a key structure in understanding asymptotic symmetries in (2+1)-dimensional gravity.
  • Previous work has explored extensions of BMS algebras, but incorporating superspecial conformal transformations presents challenges.
  • Understanding nonlinear extensions is crucial for a complete description of gravitational theories in lower dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct the conformal extension of the BMS3 algebra, including superspecial conformal transformations.
  • To investigate the algebraic properties, central extensions, and nonlinear terms of this extended algebra.
  • To establish a connection between this extended algebra, conformal gravity, and AdS4 algebra.

Main Methods:

  • Algebraic construction of the conformal extension of the BMS3 algebra.
  • Analysis of commutators involving supertranslations and superspecial conformal transformations to identify necessary nonlinear terms.
  • Investigation of central extensions and their dependence on the Virasoro central charge.
  • Relating the constructed algebra to known structures like the conformal group SO(3,2) and the AdS4 algebra.

Main Results:

  • A rigid conformal extension of the BMS3 algebra is constructed, featuring infinite superdilatations and nonlinear terms.
  • The central extensions and nonlinear coefficients are uniquely determined by the central charge of the Virasoro subalgebra.
  • The algebra is shown to be an infinite-dimensional nonlinear extension of the AdS4 algebra and can be viewed as a W(2,2,2,1) algebra.

Conclusions:

  • The conformal extension of BMS3 algebra exhibits a highly constrained structure, offering new insights into asymptotic symmetries.
  • This construction provides a canonical realization from conformal gravity in 3D with specific boundary conditions.
  • The study opens avenues for exploring supersymmetric extensions and their implications in quantum gravity.