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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

Published on: March 21, 2019

Task-generic and task-specific connectivity modulations in the ADHD brain: an integrated analysis across multiple

Roselyne J Chauvin^1,2,3, Jan K Buitelaar^4,5,6, Emma Sprooten^4,5

¹Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. chauvin@wustl.edu.

Translational Psychiatry

|March 22, 2021

Summary

Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit altered brain connectivity, with fewer task-general connections but more task-specific ones. This suggests a less efficient brain architecture and potentially a more effortful coping strategy in ADHD.

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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

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Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Genetics

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to widespread cognitive and neural network dysfunction.
Understanding the biological basis of ADHD requires examining brain functional connectivity across cognitive tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate patterns of brain functional connectivity modulations in individuals with ADHD, their unaffected siblings, and controls.
To explore the neural underpinnings of ADHD by analyzing task-dependent and task-independent connectivity.

Main Methods:

A novel strategy was used to extract functional connectivity modulations across one, two, or three cognitive tasks.
Connectivity patterns were compared between ADHD participants (n=89), unaffected siblings (n=93), and controls (n=84).
Analysis included examining task-general (P_all) and task-specific (P_single) connectivity modulations.

Main Results:

ADHD participants showed significantly fewer task-general (P_all) connections but more task-specific (P_single) modulations than controls and siblings.
The amplitude of task-specific modulations was significantly higher in ADHD.
Unaffected siblings displayed intermediate connectivity profiles, suggesting an endophenotype.

Conclusions:

Reduced task-general and increased task-specific connectivity in ADHD may reflect inefficient brain architecture and effortful coping.
The findings offer a new perspective on the neural basis of ADHD.
The intermediate profile of siblings supports the endophenotype hypothesis for ADHD.