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Extract and molecular-based early infant sensitization and associated factors-A PreventADALL study

Sandra G Tedner1,2, Cilla Söderhäll1,2, Jon R Konradsen1,2

  • 1Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Allergy
|March 22, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Early infant sensitization, particularly to food allergens, is prevalent by 3 months. Maternal food sensitization is a significant risk factor for infant allergic sensitization.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Molecular Allergology
  • Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases

Background:

  • Accurate prediction of future allergy development requires better understanding of early infancy sensitization patterns.
  • The role of molecular allergology in predicting allergy in infants is an area needing further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and patterns of allergic sensitization in infants at 3 months of age.
  • To explore potential factors associated with allergic sensitization in early infancy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of serum samples from 1110 infants in the Scandinavian PreventADALL mother-child cohort.
  • Sensitization defined by specific IgE (s-IgE) levels using Phadiatop Infant® and ImmunoCAP.
  • Maternal sensitization assessed via s-IgE to inhalant and food allergen mixes during pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • 7.3% of infants showed specific sensitization, predominantly to food allergens (egg, milk, peanut, wheat).
  • Most food-sensitized infants had low s-IgE levels and were not sensitized to specific food allergen molecules.
  • Maternal sensitization to food allergens was significantly associated with infant sensitization (OR 3.64).

Conclusions:

  • A notable percentage of infants exhibit food sensitization by 3 months, often without detectable molecular sensitization.
  • Inhalant allergen sensitization is rare (<1%) in infants at 3 months.
  • Maternal food sensitization is a key predictor of allergic sensitization in early infancy.
Abstract

Keywords:
IgEbirth cohortimmunoglobulin E antibodiesmolecular allergologysensitization

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