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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Highly Stable and Active Solid-Solution-Alloy Three-Way Catalyst by Utilizing Configurational-Entropy Effect.

Kohei Kusada1, Dongshuang Wu1, Yusuke Nanba2,3

  • 1Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.

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|March 22, 2021
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Summary

Researchers developed new palladium-ruthenium-metal (PdRuM) alloy nanoparticles that offer durable and active three-way catalyst (TWC) performance, significantly reducing automotive catalyst costs and replacing expensive rhodium.

Keywords:
NO x reductioncatalysisconfigurational entropynanoparticlessolid-solution alloysthree-way catalysis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Automotive Engineering

Background:

  • Automotive emissions control relies on three-way catalysts (TWCs) to reduce toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
  • Rhodium (Rh) is crucial for NOx reduction in TWCs but its high and volatile price necessitates alternative materials.
  • Despite efforts, Rh remains essential, and its price is increasing again, driving the need for cost-effective replacements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate alternative materials for TWC applications that can replace expensive Rh.
  • To investigate the performance and durability of palladium-ruthenium-metal (PdRuM) ternary solid-solution alloy nanoparticles (NPs) as TWC catalysts.
  • To provide insights into designing efficient functional alloy NPs by leveraging configurational entropy and mixing enthalpy.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of PdRuM ternary solid-solution alloy nanoparticles.
  • Testing the catalytic activity and durability of the developed NPs in a three-way catalyst system.
  • Analysis of the structure-property relationships, focusing on the role of alloy composition and nanoparticle morphology.

Main Results:

  • PdRuM ternary solid-solution alloy NPs demonstrated highly durable and active TWC performance.
  • The developed alloy NPs show significant potential for cost reduction compared to Rh-based catalysts.
  • The study highlights the importance of configurational entropy and mixing enthalpy in designing efficient alloy catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • PdRuM ternary solid-solution alloy nanoparticles represent a promising, cost-effective alternative to Rh for TWC applications.
  • This research offers a pathway for designing advanced functional alloy nanoparticles with enhanced catalytic properties.
  • The findings contribute to the development of more sustainable and economical automotive emission control technologies.