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Galangin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy through modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats
Mohammad H Abukhalil1, Osama Y Althunibat2, Saleem H Aladaileh3
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan; Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan.
Insights
Galangin (Gal) protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This natural flavonoid improved heart function and prevented damage in diabetic rats.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cardiovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity in diabetes.
- Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) development is linked to oxidative stress and inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cardioprotective effects of galangin (Gal) in a rat model of diabetes.
- To assess Gal's impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetic hearts.
Main Methods:
- A diabetic rat model was induced using streptozotocin.
- Diabetic rats were treated with galangin (15 mg/kg) daily for six weeks.
- Cardiac function, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis markers were evaluated.
Main Results:
- Galangin treatment ameliorated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and improved cardiac function markers (troponin I, CK-MB, LDH).
- Galangin reduced cardiac oxidative stress markers (MDA, protein carbonyl, 8-Oxo-dG) and inflammatory markers (NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, IL-6).
- Galangin attenuated cardiac apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3) and enhanced antioxidant defenses (SOD, catalase, GSH), while increasing Bcl-2.
Conclusions:
- Galangin exhibits significant cardioprotective effects against diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.
- These protective effects are attributed to galangin's ability to attenuate hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity in diabetes. Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study explored the cardioprotective effect of galangin (Gal), a natural flavonoid with radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities, in diabetic rats. An experimental diabetic rat model was achieved by a single injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Gal (15 mg/kg) was administered daily for six weeks and the samples were then collected. Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, increased glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels and reduced serum insulin. Serum troponin I, CK-MB and LDH were increased in diabetic rats. Furthermore, hearts of diabetic rats were characterized by elevated malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, IL-6, Bax, caspase-3 and 8-Oxo-dG, and decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced GSH, and Bcl-2. Gal ameliorated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and heart function markers, and prevented histopathological alterations in diabetic rats. In addition, Gal attenuated cardiac oxidative injury, inflammation and apoptosis, and boosted antioxidant defenses. In conclusion, Gal has a protective effect on cardiomyopathy by attenuating hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats.
