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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Steady-state, Pre-steady-state, and Single-turnover Kinetic Measurement for DNA Glycosylase Activity
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DNA glycosylase NEIL2 functions in multiple cellular processes.

Altaf H Sarker1, Priscilla K Cooper1, Tapas K Hazra2

  • 1Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
|March 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The DNA repair enzyme NEIL2 is crucial for maintaining genome integrity and preventing mutations. Its absence leads to DNA damage accumulation, immune system activation, and neurodevelopmental issues.

Keywords:
BERCancerDNA glycosylase NEIL2DemethylationInflammationTC-BER

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cell survival relies on maintaining genetic material integrity.
  • The base excision repair (BER) pathway removes oxidized DNA lesions.
  • DNA glycosylases, including NEIL2, have diverse roles beyond basic DNA repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the specialized functions of the DNA glycosylase NEIL2.
  • To discuss the consequences of NEIL2 absence in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NEIL2 functions.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies on NEIL2 deficiency.

Main Results:

  • NEIL2 preferentially repairs oxidized lesions in transcribed genes.
  • NEIL2 absence causes accumulation of DNA damage in the genome.
  • Loss of NEIL2 triggers immune responses and neurodevelopmental defects.

Conclusions:

  • NEIL2 is a multitasking protein essential for genome maintenance and overall health.
  • NEIL2's diverse roles highlight its importance in preventing disease.