Sustainable neurosurgical training around the globe. A review and outline

Sharing an equal and quality neurosurgical training across the globe without exclusion may seem utopian. However, such training is possible through educational opportunities and the ongoing digital revolution. The aim is to present the current state of neurosurgery training and education methods indicating strengths, weaknesses and opportunities. The thoughts, comments and suggestions of the authors are based on their academic experiences, training missions around the world and particularly in low- and middle-income countries by pointing out the French experience. The learning must be interactive and programmed over time, integrating varied courses and activities. Virtual reality and neurosurgical simulation need to be developed. The content of the teaching including e-learning must be evidence-based and peer-reviewed. Pedagogical training of trainers is fundamental. It is critical to evaluate the training under real working conditions. The optimization of human resources should create economies of scale that would attenuate the financial burden. The commitment of the teams, tutoring are success factors.