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Transcranial focused ultrasound phase correction using the hybrid angular spectrum method.

Steven A Leung1, David Moore2, Taylor D Webb3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. stevenleung@stanford.edu.

Scientific Reports
|March 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The hybrid angular spectrum (HAS) method improves transcranial focused ultrasound skull aberration correction over the standard InSightec ray tracing method. This enhancement promises better treatment outcomes for focused ultrasound therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Ultrasound Physics and Engineering
  • Biomedical Imaging and Instrumentation
  • Neurosurgery and Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) treatments require accurate phase corrections to overcome skull-induced aberrations.
  • The InSightec Exablate system, a standard of care, uses ray tracing for these corrections.
  • Improving skull aberration correction is crucial for enhancing the efficacy and safety of tFUS applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of the hybrid angular spectrum (HAS) method for skull aberration correction in tFUS.
  • To compare the HAS method against the standard InSightec ray tracing and a gold standard hydrophone method.
  • To assess the impact of different correction methods on focal spot characteristics and targeting accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo human skulls were sonicated using a 670 kHz hemispherical phased array transducer (InSightec Exablate 4000).
  • Phase corrections were computed using four methods: straight ray tracing, InSightec ray tracing, HAS, and hydrophone.
  • 3D beam profiles were acquired using a hydrophone, and focal spots were analyzed based on intensity, pressure, positioning error, and volume.

Main Results:

  • The HAS method achieved significantly higher normalized target intensity (74% ± 9%) and peak intensity (81% ± 9%) compared to InSightec ray tracing (52% ± 21% and 76% ± 17%, respectively).
  • HAS demonstrated improved positioning accuracy with a 0.35 mm ± 0.09 mm error, compared to 0.72 mm ± 0.47 mm for InSightec ray tracing.
  • The HAS method showed a marked improvement in focal spot targeting compared to the standard InSightec method.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid angular spectrum (HAS) method offers superior skull aberration correction for transcranial focused ultrasound compared to the current standard InSightec ray tracing.
  • Improved targeting accuracy and intensity delivery via HAS hold significant promise for enhancing tFUS treatment outcomes.
  • These advancements are vital for the clinical translation of focused ultrasound neuromodulation and blood-brain barrier opening therapies.