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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Understanding cognitive influences on health information processing is crucial during pandemics.
  • Cognitive motivation, including Need for Cognition (NC) and Need for Cognitive Closure (NCC), may shape responses to health information.
  • Previous research has not fully explored these links in the context of COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of cognitive motivation on information gathering and interpretation regarding COVID-19.
  • To examine the relationship between cognitive motivation, COVID-19 knowledge, conspiracy beliefs, and adherence to public health measures.
  • To analyze changes in these factors over time using a longitudinal design.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal survey conducted in two waves (March 2020, July 2020) with European and American respondents (N=501, N=326).
  • Assessed COVID-19 knowledge, conspiracy theory endorsement, media use, Need for Cognition (NC), Need for Cognitive Closure (NCC), and self-reported adherence to governmental measures.
  • Statistical analyses were employed to determine relationships between variables.

Main Results:

  • Nearly three-quarters of respondents actively sought COVID-19 information daily.
  • Information-seeking behavior was not significantly influenced by cognitive motivation (NC, NCC).
  • Cognitive motivation was associated with higher COVID-19 knowledge, greater rejection of conspiracy theories, and more knowledge change over time. Higher knowledge correlated with increased adherence.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive motivation plays a role in shaping individuals' understanding and beliefs about COVID-19, rather than their information-seeking habits.
  • While cognitive motivation did not directly impact adherence, increased knowledge derived from cognitive processes was linked to better adherence.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between cognitive traits, knowledge acquisition, and public health behavior during health crises.