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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

623
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
623
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

164
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
164
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

330
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
330
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

456
Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
456
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

102
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
102
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

202
Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
202

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Quantification of Atherosclerosis in Mice
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Quantification of Atherosclerosis in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2019

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Low-Level Cadmium Exposure and Atherosclerosis.

Denisse Diaz1, Francisco Ujueta2, Gisell Mansur2

  • 1Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Suite # 2070A, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA.

Current Environmental Health Reports
|March 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Environmental cadmium exposure is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While chelation shows potential benefits, further research is needed to understand cadmium

Keywords:
CadmiumCardiovascular riskChelationTACT

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 11, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Cardiovascular medicine
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Cadmium exposure is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Cadmium toxicity affects cellular activities and vascular health.
  • Environmental cadmium exposure is a growing concern for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review cadmium toxicity and its impact on cellular functions.
  • Summarize the association between environmental cadmium exposure and CVD.
  • Discuss potential therapeutic benefits of cadmium chelation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways affected by cadmium.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data on chelation therapy.

Main Results:

  • Cadmium exposure promotes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
  • Epidemiological studies link low-level cadmium exposure to increased CVD risk.
  • Chelation therapy shows suggestive, but not direct, evidence of cardiovascular benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental cadmium exposure is a pro-atherosclerosis risk factor for CVD.
  • Mechanisms of cadmium's proatherogenic effects require further investigation.
  • Translational toxicology studies are needed to elucidate cadmium toxicity pathways and inform therapeutic strategies.