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Diversity and asynchrony in soil microbial communities stabilizes ecosystem functioning.

Cameron Wagg1,2,3, Yann Hautier4, Sarah Pellkofer1,2

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Elife
|March 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soil microbial diversity stabilizes ecosystem functions. Loss of soil microbes, especially in degraded soils, can disrupt crucial functions like nutrient cycling, highlighting the need for conservation.

Keywords:
ecologygrassland plantsplant communitysoil bacteriasoil communitysoil fungi

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Soil Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability over time.
  • Soil degradation is a global issue, but the impact of losing soil microbial diversity on ecosystem functioning remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally assess the role of soil fungal and bacterial communities in stabilizing ecosystem functions.
  • To investigate the relationship between microbial diversity and the temporal stability of biogeochemical cycling.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental quantification of soil fungal and bacterial communities' contribution to ecosystem functions.
  • Utilized plant-soil mesocosms with varying levels of microbial richness, including scenarios with over 50% microbial taxa loss.

Main Results:

  • Increased microbial diversity significantly enhanced the temporal stability of all measured ecosystem functions.
  • The stabilizing effect was most pronounced in environments with reduced microbial richness.
  • The stabilizing effect was attributed to asynchrony among microbial taxa, with different microbes supporting different functions at different times.

Conclusions:

  • Soil biodiversity is essential for maintaining the stability of multiple ecosystem functions.
  • Conserving soil microbial diversity is critical for ensuring the continued provision of vital ecosystem services.
  • Understanding microbial community dynamics is key to predicting and managing ecosystem stability.