Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.2K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.2K
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

14.2K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
14.2K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

7.7K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
7.7K
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

7.0K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
7.0K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

7.3K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
7.3K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

5.8K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Interleukin-12 induces rapid STAT4/DDX5-dependent remodeling of RNA polymerase II occupancy in NK cells.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Molecular determinants of NK cell memory.

Trends in immunology·2026
Same author

TOX drives CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub>1 effector function, antitumor immunity and autoimmune pathology.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

Stepwise epigenetic signal integration drives adaptive programming of cytotoxic lymphocytes.

Immunity·2026
Same author

Signaling induced biophysical disruption of repressed chromatin domains drives immune cell fate.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

STAT3 operates as an inflammation-dependent transcriptional switch.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Retraction: In vivo NCL targeting affects breast cancer aggressiveness through miRNA regulation.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Intravesical mesothelin-based CAR T cells targeting MUC16 effectively control bladder cancer in preclinical models.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Flawed translation triggers oncogenic B-T cell communication.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Correction: LCK'ed in: Inborn errors of immunity in LCK reveal how TCR signaling is calibrated.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Mechanobiology of inflammation: Pulling the strings of innate immunity.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Bile acid retention in efferocytic macrophages shapes their inflammatory status during cholangitis.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays
12:07

Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays

Published on: March 14, 2011

26.2K

Virus-specific NK cell memory.

Sam Sheppard1, Joseph C Sun1,2

  • 1Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|March 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer (NK) cells use diverse receptors to target threats, with Cytomegalovirus infection generating long-lived memory NK cells for enhanced future immunity. This review explores NK cell memory generation and therapeutic potential.

More Related Videos

Natural Killer NK and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
11:02

Natural Killer NK and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line

Published on: February 8, 2022

6.0K
Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells
06:55

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Published on: February 22, 2020

19.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays
12:07

Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays

Published on: March 14, 2011

26.2K
Natural Killer NK and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
11:02

Natural Killer NK and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line

Published on: February 8, 2022

6.0K
Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells
06:55

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Published on: February 22, 2020

19.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial innate immune cells.
  • They possess germline-encoded receptors for identifying and eliminating infected or cancerous cells.
  • NK cell functional diversity is achieved through varied surface receptor expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms regulating effector and memory natural killer (NK) cell generation and maintenance.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of understanding NK cell memory.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature.
  • It synthesizes information on pathways and factors influencing NK cell populations.
  • Focuses on Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection models in mice and humans.

Main Results:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection induces expansion of specific NK cell populations.
  • This expansion generates a long-lived memory pool of NK cells.
  • Memory NK cells provide enhanced efficacy against subsequent infections.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding NK cell memory pathways is key to immune response modulation.
  • Harnessing NK cell memory offers potential therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases and cancer.
  • Further research into NK cell regulation can advance immunotherapy.