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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

872
Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
872
Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

606
Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
606
Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

982
A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
In analytical chemistry, the choice of...
982

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Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals
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Phytosampling-a supplementary tool for particulate matter (PM) speciation characterization.

Chuqi Guo1, Farhana Hasan1, Dean Lay1

  • 1Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|March 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phytosampling (PHS) offers a novel way to assess air particulate matter (PM) composition. This method, unlike traditional high-volume samplers, better reflects the original chemical state of PM, including environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Keywords:
Environmentally persistent free radicalsHigh-volume PM samplerPM0.1PM2.5Particulate matterPhytosamplingPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Air Quality Monitoring

Background:

  • Ambient air particulate matter (PM) and associated environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are linked to adverse health effects.
  • Conventional high-volume PM samplers (HVS) may introduce artifacts affecting chemical composition analysis due to collection methods.
  • Accurate assessment of PM chemical speciation, particularly the organic fraction, is crucial for understanding pollution impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate phytosampling (PHS) as a supplementary method for assessing ambient air PM chemical composition.
  • To compare EPFR and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) speciation and concentration between PHS and HVS methods.
  • To determine if PHS provides a more accurate representation of original PM surface chemistry compared to HVS.

Main Methods:

  • Phytosampling (PHS): A static collection method using plant leaves to entrap PM via electrostatic forces and trichomes.
  • High-Volume Sampler (HVS): A classic active sampling method for collecting ambient air PM.
  • Comparative analysis of EPFR and PAH speciation and concentration in PM collected by both PHS and HVS.

Main Results:

  • PHS demonstrated advantages in easy particle recovery, collection under natural conditions, and dense network applicability for spatial distribution.
  • PM collected via PHS showed a greater contribution of oxygen-centered EPFRs and different decay behavior compared to HVS.
  • PAH distribution was more consistent across different PM sizes for PHS samples than for HVS samples.

Conclusions:

  • Phytosampling (PHS) provides valuable chemical speciation information for PM, sometimes differing significantly from HVS results.
  • HVS sampling methods, involving isolation and high airflow, may alter the chemical composition of collected PM.
  • PHS is a valuable supplementary tool for detailed PM surface analysis, complementing standard methods like HVS for absolute concentration.