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MOG antibody-positive cerebral cortical encephalitis: Two case reports and literature review

Fei Tian1, Xuejun Liu1, Chengqing Yang1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Neurology and Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
|March 23, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-positive cerebral cortical encephalitis presents with varied symptoms like seizures and headaches. Enhanced MRI FLAIR signals in the cortex are a key diagnostic feature.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated diseases are increasingly recognized neurological disorders.
  • Cerebral cortical encephalitis is a rare but serious manifestation of MOG antibody positivity.

Observation:

  • This study reviewed clinical and MRI data from 24 patients with MOG antibody-positive cerebral cortical encephalitis.
  • Common symptoms included seizures (83%), headache (75%), and fever (54%).
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis frequently showed an increased cell count (92%).

Findings:

  • A hallmark radiological finding was enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal in the cerebral cortex (100% of cases).
  • Unilateral cortical FLAIR hyperintensity was observed in 83% of patients.
  • The study included 20 adults and 4 children, highlighting the disease affects various age groups.

Implications:

  • The clinical presentation of MOG antibody-positive cerebral cortical encephalitis is diverse.
  • Further long-term follow-up is essential to understand the prognosis and recurrence patterns.
  • These findings provide valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Keywords:
MOG antibody-positive cerebral cortical encephalitisautoimmunemyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)

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