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Program for attention rehabilitation and strengthening (PARS) improves executive functions in children with attention

Vahid Nejati1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, PO Box: 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.

Research in Developmental Disabilities
|March 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Cognitive rehabilitation using the Attention Rehabilitation and Strengthening (PARS) program improved attention in children with ADHD. The training also enhanced executive functions, including inhibitory control and working memory.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Attention deficits are common in children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • Cognitive rehabilitation offers a promising avenue for improving attention and related executive functions.
  • The efficacy of specific paper-and-pencil programs for attention training in ADHD populations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the Attention Rehabilitation and Strengthening (PARS) program, a paper-and-pencil intervention, for children with ADHD.
  • To assess the impact of PARS on various components of attention, including sustained, selective, and shifting attention.
  • To determine if improvements in attention through PARS training transfer to other executive functions, such as inhibitory control and working memory.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • Participants were divided into two groups: an intervention group receiving 12-15 sessions of the PARS program and a control group.
  • Standardized neuropsychological tests were used to assess attention (sustained, selective, shifting), inhibitory control, and working memory before and after the intervention.

Main Results:

  • The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in selective and sustained attention compared to the control group.
  • The study found evidence of training effects transferring from attention-based tasks to executive functions.
  • Specifically, improvements were observed in inhibitory control and working memory in the experimental group post-intervention.

Conclusions:

  • The PARS program is an effective intervention for enhancing selective and sustained attention in children with ADHD.
  • The findings support the transferability of attention training effects to broader executive functions, including inhibitory control and working memory.
  • Cognitive rehabilitation programs like PARS hold potential for comprehensive cognitive improvement in pediatric ADHD populations.

Keywords:
Attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Attention trainingCognitive rehabilitationExecutive functionsProgram for attention rehabilitation and strengthening (PARS)

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