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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Creating Rigidly Stabilized Fractures for Assessing Intramembranous Ossification, Distraction Osteogenesis, or Healing of Critical Sized Defects
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Quotation errors related to the Distal Radius Acute Fracture Fixation Trial paper.

Peter Cay1, Brook Leung1, Keegan Curlewis1

  • 1Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.

The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume
|March 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A significant number of research articles contain quotation errors when referencing the Distal Radius Acute Fracture Fixation Trial (DRAFFT). Authors and journals should verify the accuracy of cited statements to improve scientific integrity.

Keywords:
Quotation errordistal radius acute fracture fixation trialdistal radius fracture

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Medical research methodology

Background:

  • Quotation errors, inaccuracies in cited assertions, can misrepresent original research.
  • The Distal Radius Acute Fracture Fixation Trial (DRAFFT) is a key study in orthopedic literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence and nature of quotation errors in articles that cite the DRAFFT.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search identified articles referencing DRAFFT between 2014 and 2020.
  • Two independent reviewers assessed identified publications using a validated error classification framework.
  • Inter-rater reliability was assessed using the Kappa coefficient.

Main Results:

  • Of 83 articles citing DRAFFT, 22 (28%) contained quotation errors.
  • Errors included 12 major inaccuracies (unsubstantiated, unrelated, or contradictory to DRAFFT findings) and 11 minor inaccuracies (numerical, oversimplification, generalization).
  • Substantial agreement was observed between reviewers (Kappa coefficient 0.66).

Conclusions:

  • A notable proportion of articles inaccurately reference the DRAFFT findings.
  • Authors and journal editors must implement rigorous checks for citation accuracy to maintain research integrity.