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Differences in Societal Participation Across Diagnostic Groups: Secondary Analyses of 8 Studies Using the Utrecht
Tanja I Mol1, Coen A van Bennekom2, Vera P Schepers3
1Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen.
Objective:
To determine differences in participation problems between diagnostic groups and to examine diagnosis as a determinant of participation with and without statistically accounting for confounders.
Design:
Secondary analyses of data from 8 studies.
Setting:
Community, the Netherlands.
Participants:
Participants (N=1735) in diagnostic groups: stroke (n=534), subarachnoid hemorrhage (n=104), other acquired brain injury (n=163), progressive neurologic diseases (n=112), acute coronary syndrome (n=536), and spinal cord injury (n=286).
Interventions:
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures:
Participation was measured with the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation. This measure has 3 scales: Restrictions, Satisfaction, and Frequency. In this study, scores were also computed for 3 domains across these scales: Productivity, Leisure, and Social. Scores ranged from 0 (worst) up to 100 (best). Possible confounders were age, sex, level of education, marital status, and time since onset of the condition.
Results:
Significant differences were found in levels of participation between diagnostic groups. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome showed better participation scores in all scales and domains compared with most or all other diagnostic groups, except for the Social domain. Individuals with progressive neurologic diseases showed the lowest (worst) Restriction and Satisfaction scores, whereas those with stroke showed the lowest Frequency scores. After correcting for confounders, diagnosis explained significant proportions of the variance of participation (Frequency, 6.4%; Restrictions, 15.1%; Satisfaction, 5.1%; Productivity, 13.2%; Leisure, 13.8%; Social, 6.9%).
Conclusions:
Participation problems occurred in all 6 diagnostic groups within this study. Differences were found in participation between diagnostic groups, demonstrating diagnosis-specific participation profiles, including after correcting for confounders.
