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Interpregnancy intervals and child development at age 5: a population data linkage study.

Gursimran Kaur Dhamrait1,2, Catherine Louise Taylor3,4, Gavin Pereira3,5,6

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Short interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) less than 6 months and long intervals over 24 months are linked to increased developmental vulnerability in children. This research highlights the J-shaped relationship between IPIs and child development outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Child Development
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) are the time between live birth and the next conception.
  • Previous research suggests associations between short IPIs and adverse maternal and child outcomes.
  • The relationship between longer IPIs and child development requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) and developmental vulnerability in children at age 5.
  • To identify potential risks associated with both short and long IPIs on early childhood development.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing data from Western Australia (2002-2015).
  • Included 34,574 singleton births with Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) records.
  • Logistic regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic factors to estimate odds ratios (ORs).

Main Results:

  • Developmental vulnerability was observed in 22.8% (DV1) and 11.5% (DV2) of children.
  • Short IPIs (<6 months) were associated with increased risk of DV1 (aOR 1.17) and DV2 (aOR 1.31).
  • Longer IPIs (≥24 months) also showed increased risks for DV1 and DV2 across all developmental domains.

Conclusions:

  • Interpregnancy intervals exhibit a J-shaped relationship with developmental vulnerability.
  • Both short (<6 months) and long (≥24 months) IPIs are independently associated with increased risks of developmental vulnerability in children.
  • These findings underscore the importance of optimal interpregnancy spacing for child development.