A Framework for Identifying Reference Wetland Conditions in Highly Altered Landscapes.

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Environmental Science
• Restoration Ecology

Background:

• Intensively altered landscapes often lack pristine reference wetlands.
• Wetland restoration is gaining traction globally, particularly in human-modified regions.
• Current thinking on reference wetlands is often biased towards North America.

Purpose of the Study:

• To stimulate discussion on wetland restoration approaches in landscapes with limited reference conditions.
• To challenge the traditional reliance on unimpaired wetlands as sole references.
• To propose alternative reference models for wetland restoration.

Main Methods:

• This paper presents an opinion based on collaborative discussions.
• It analyzes the bias in current reference wetland concepts.
• It argues for the utility of alternative reference standards.

Main Results:

• Reference wetland concepts are often North America-centric.
• Fair-condition wetlands can serve as valuable references.
• Restored and created wetlands may also function as references.

Conclusions:

• Wetland restoration strategies need adaptation for highly altered landscapes.
• Expanding the definition of reference wetlands is crucial for global restoration efforts.
• Considering fair-condition and artificial wetlands broadens restoration possibilities.