Biodiesel blends: a comprehensive systematic review on various constraints

Area of Science:

• Renewable Energy
• Chemical Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering

Background:

• Biodiesel offers a sustainable, clean-burning alternative for existing diesel engines.
• Advanced biofuels like biodiesel are crucial for energy independence and reduced emissions.
• Current fuel guidelines accommodate up to 20% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) or fatty acid ethyl ester (FAGE) biodiesel blends.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and analyze 65 research papers on various biodiesel blends.
• To assess the performance, achievements, and chronological development of biodiesel blend research.
• To identify research challenges and limitations in the field of biodiesel blends.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of 65 peer-reviewed papers on biodiesel blends.
• Analysis of adopted techniques, blending ratios, and performance metrics across studies.
• Chronological assessment of research trends and blend variations.

Main Results:

• Optimal blending ratios vary, with ~20% for FAME/FAGE blends meeting current standards.
• Hydrotreated vegetable oil blends require lubricity enhancers for higher ratios.
• Organic biobutanol blends are limited to 10% or less due to water and cetane content issues.

Conclusions:

• Biodiesel blends offer significant potential as renewable fuels.
• Further research is needed to overcome limitations in higher blend ratios and specific blend types.
• Identified research gaps can guide future studies in advanced biofuel development.