Cognitive profiles in perimenopause: hormonal and menopausal symptom correlates
M T Weber1,2, L H Rubin3,4,5, R Schroeder6
1Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Summary
Cognitive changes during perimenopause vary significantly among women. Some experience verbal memory decline, linked to hormonal changes and sleep issues, highlighting the need for personalized interventions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Perimenopause is linked to cognitive changes, including attention and memory deficits.
- Individual differences in cognitive function during perimenopause are substantial.
- Factors influencing these domain-specific cognitive changes remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct cognitive profiles during perimenopause.
- To investigate the association of hormonal fluctuations and menopausal symptoms with these cognitive profiles.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study of 85 women over 400 visits.
- Comprehensive neuropsychological testing and assessment of menopausal symptoms.
- Measurement of 17β-estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone.
- Multilevel latent profile analysis and regression analyses.
Main Results:
- Four cognitive profiles were identified: cognitively normal, verbal learning/memory weaknesses, verbal learning/memory strengths, and attention/executive function strengths.
- The profile with verbal learning/memory weaknesses showed less hormonal variability and more sleep disturbance compared to the cognitively normal profile.
- Significant heterogeneity in cognitive function was observed across profiles.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive function during perimenopause is highly heterogeneous.
- A minority of women experience specific cognitive impairments, particularly in verbal learning and memory.
- Cognitive profiling may aid in identifying at-risk individuals and guiding targeted interventions.
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