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Related Concept Videos

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Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Postsynaptic cell firing triggers bidirectional metaplasticity depending on the LTP induction protocol.

Regina U Hegemann1, Wickliffe C Abraham1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|March 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Prior cell firing bidirectionally regulates hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). θ-burst stimulation-induced LTP was impaired by prior spiking, while high-frequency stimulation-induced LTP was facilitated, revealing distinct metaplasticity effects.

Keywords:
cell firingcellular excitabilityhippocampuslong-term potentiationmetaplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Long-term potentiation (LTP) induction is modulated by prior neuronal activity, a phenomenon known as metaplasticity.
  • Different stimulation protocols, such as θ-burst stimulation (TBS) and high-frequency stimulation (HFS), trigger distinct intracellular signaling pathways.
  • Understanding the parameters that dictate the direction of metaplasticity is crucial for comprehending synaptic plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the critical parameters driving bidirectional metaplasticity effects on LTP.
  • To investigate how different patterns of postsynaptic cell firing influence subsequent LTP induction.
  • To differentiate the effects of θ-burst firing (TBF) and high-frequency firing (HFF) priming on TBS-LTP and HFS-LTP.

Main Methods:

  • Intracellular recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampal slices.
  • Somatic current injections to induce θ-burst firing (TBF) or high-frequency firing (HFF) as priming stimuli.
  • Induction of LTP using TBS of Schaffer collaterals 15 minutes after priming, with subsequent analysis of HFS-LTP.

Main Results:

  • Both TBF and HFF priming inhibited TBS-LTP.
  • HFF priming facilitated HFS-LTP, whereas TBF priming had no effect.
  • Priming protocols reduced action potential firing during TBS-LTP induction, correlating with LTP reduction, but restoring firing did not rescue LTP.
  • Priming induced changes in medium afterhyperpolarization and EPSP amplitude/slope ratio, potentially contributing to TBS-LTP inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Prior postsynaptic cell firing bidirectionally regulates hippocampal LTP induction.
  • TBS-LTP is susceptible to homeostatic inhibition by prior firing, while HFS-LTP can be facilitated.
  • Distinct patterns of postsynaptic firing induce specific intracellular changes that modulate LTP based on the induction protocol.