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Parental age and birth defects: a sibling study.

Hans K Hvide1,2,3, Julian Johnsen4, Kjell G Salvanes5,6,7,8,9

  • 1University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. hans.hvide@uib.no.

European Journal of Epidemiology
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Summary

Advanced parental age increases birth disorder risk, according to a sibling study. This research highlights potential underestimation of parental aging effects in prior studies.

Keywords:
Birth disorderCongenital anomaliesParental agingStillbirth

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Higher parental age is a suspected risk factor for birth disorders, but existing research yields inconsistent findings.
  • Previous studies often confound parental age with other family-specific genetic and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate the specific impact of parental age on birth disorder risk.
  • To provide a more accurate assessment of parental aging effects by controlling for shared family influences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (1.2 million births).
  • Employed a within-family sibling comparison design to control for genetic and environmental confounders.
  • Compared outcomes based on parental age variation at the time of sibling births.

Main Results:

  • A significant, convex relationship was observed between increased parental age and higher risks of birth disorders when analyzed within families.
  • Estimates using across-family variation showed substantially weaker effects, suggesting prior underestimation.
  • The within-family analysis revealed a more pronounced impact of parental age.

Conclusions:

  • Parental aging has a substantial negative effect on offspring health outcomes.
  • Within-family analyses are crucial for accurately assessing parental age risks, as across-family studies may underestimate these effects.
  • Findings suggest a need to re-evaluate the impact of parental age in reproductive health research.