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Internet Use by People with Intellectual Disability: Exploring Digital Inequality-A Systematic Review.

Sarah Glencross1, Jonathan Mason1, Mary Katsikitis2

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People with intellectual disability face internet inequality, with risks like emotional distress outweighing reported benefits. More research is needed on translating online activities into offline resources for this population.

Keywords:
InternetInternet benefitsInternet risksdigital divideintellectual disabilitysystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Disability Studies
  • Information Science
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Digital inequality affects individuals with intellectual disability (ID) through limited internet access or narrow usage patterns.
  • A novel aspect of digital inequality involves the failure to translate online activities into offline resources, such as educational or social capital.
  • The extent to which individuals with ID translate online activities to offline resources remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and critically analyze the existing literature on internet use among people with intellectual disability.
  • To identify the types of internet use, associated risks, and reported benefits.
  • To examine the translation of online activities to offline resources within this population.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic and critical review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases (Scopus, Wiley, PubMed, etc.) using keywords 'intellectual disability' and 'Internet use'.
  • Data from 24 studies were thematically identified and categorized to analyze internet use types, risks, and benefits.

Main Results:

  • The review identified 53 types of internet use, 48 risks, and 28 benefits across 24 studies.
  • Social media/social networking was the most frequently reported internet use (23%).
  • Emotional distress (24%) was the most common risk, while friendships and social connection (33%) were the most reported benefits, indicating a disparity in attention given to risks over benefits.

Conclusions:

  • The benefits of internet use for individuals with intellectual disability are significantly underrepresented in the literature compared to the risks.
  • There is a critical need for further research into how individuals with intellectual disability translate their online engagement into tangible offline outcomes.
  • Addressing this gap is crucial for mitigating digital inequality and maximizing the positive impact of the internet for people with intellectual disability.