Capecitabine-induced hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Endocrinology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Metastatic breast cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy.
• Capecitabine is a commonly used oral chemotherapy agent.
• Chemotherapy can have various adverse effects, including metabolic disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) secondary to capecitabine chemotherapy.
• To highlight the potential for capecitabine to induce significant dysglycaemia.
• To emphasize the importance of blood glucose monitoring in patients receiving capecitabine.

Main Methods:

• Case report of an elderly woman with metastatic breast cancer.
• Clinical presentation of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) and elevated HbA1c post-capecitabine.
• Management of HHS and adjustment of chemotherapy regimen.

Main Results:

• The patient developed HHS and hyperglycemia after capecitabine treatment.
• Capecitabine was identified as the probable cause of the dysglycaemia.
• The patient required insulin therapy and discontinuation of capecitabine.

Conclusions:

• Capecitabine chemotherapy is associated with a risk of hyperglycemia and hyperglycaemic emergencies.
• Close blood glucose monitoring is essential during capecitabine treatment.
• Early recognition and management can prevent severe outcomes.