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Multiresistant Bacterial Pathogens Causing Bacterial Pneumonia and Analyses of Potential Risk Factors from Northeast

Tewodros Dessie1, Mohabaw Jemal2, Minwuyelet Maru1

  • 1Amhara Public Health Institute, Dessie Branch, P.O. Box 686, Dessie, Ethiopia.

International Journal of Microbiology
|March 25, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Bacterial pneumonia is prevalent in Ethiopia, with high resistance to common antibiotics like ampicillin and penicillin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is crucial for effective patient management and combating resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in developing nations, often caused by bacterial pathogens.
  • Effective patient management necessitates understanding causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
  • This study investigated bacterial isolates and antibiotic resistance patterns in pneumonia patients in Northeast Ethiopia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the types of bacterial pathogens causing pneumonia in suspected patients.
  • To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of these bacterial isolates.
  • To identify risk factors associated with pneumonia for targeted preventive strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2020.
  • Sputum specimens were collected and cultured using standard microbiological techniques.
  • Bacterial identification involved Gram staining, colony characteristics, and biochemical tests.

Main Results:

  • Out of 406 sputum specimens, 157 (38.7%) yielded bacterial pathogens.
  • Key isolates included Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.0%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (24.8%), and Staphylococcus aureus (18.5%).
  • High resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (81.5%) and penicillin (75.9%).
  • Older age, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use were significantly associated with positive cultures.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial pneumonia is common in the study area, with significant antimicrobial resistance.
  • Ampicillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate showed high resistance rates.
  • Repeated antimicrobial use is a key driver of bacterial resistance, highlighting the need for AST.

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