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We developed a versatile terahertz (THz) source for scanning tunneling microscopy. This THz source enables ultrafast nanoscale electronic transport studies with high signal fidelity.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Broadband terahertz (THz) pulses are crucial for ultrafast electronic transport studies on the nanoscale.
  • Coupling THz electric fields into devices requires specialized antennas, asperities, or scanning probe tips.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a versatile THz source optimized for driving the highly resistive tunnel junction of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM).
  • To achieve arbitrary THz pulse trains with adjustable repetition rates and high peak amplitudes for nanoscale experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optical rectification in lithium niobate to generate THz pulse trains.
  • Achieved freely adjustable repetition rates from 0.5 to 41 MHz.
  • Induced subpicosecond voltage transients with peak amplitudes from 0.1 to 12 V in the STM tunnel junction.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a conversion efficiency of 0.4 V/(kV/cm) from THz electric field to STM junction voltage.
  • Successfully detected tunnel currents in the quantum limit (less than one electron per THz pulse) at multi-MHz repetition rates.
  • Tuned the source for a balance between high pulse energy and high signal fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • The designed THz source is effective for exploring ultrafast and atomic-scale electron dynamics.
  • This versatile THz source advances nanoscale electronic transport experiments.
  • Enables sensitive detection of quantum-limited electron currents at high repetition rates.