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Research progress in laboratory detection of SARS-CoV-2
Hao-Jia Wang1, Yang-Hui Xiang1, Rui Hu1
1The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Irish Journal of Medical Science
|March 25, 2021
Summary
New methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2, like serum antibody tests, offer faster results. While nucleic acid tests remain reliable, these advancements improve viral detection efficiency and speed for clinical diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Diagnostics
- Immunology
Background:
- Nucleic acid testing is a standard for viral infection diagnosis but can yield false negatives with high case numbers or viral variants.
- Emerging technologies utilize serum-specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 detection, offering improved efficiency and reduced diagnostic turnaround times.
- This review synthesizes reported SARS-CoV-2 detection methodologies, examining their underlying principles and technical attributes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the strengths and weaknesses of diverse SARS-CoV-2 detection techniques.
- To analyze the fundamental principles behind various SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods.
- To evaluate the sensitivity and efficiency of different SARS-CoV-2 detection targets.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search for published SARS-CoV-2 detection methods.
- Data extraction and analysis from reviewed reports.
- Utilized NCBI's primer-blast tool for analyzing qRT-PCR primers.
Main Results:
- Nucleocapsid protein gene targets demonstrated the highest detection sensitivity at 96.6%.
- Other targets exhibited detection efficiencies ranging from 66.7% to 96.0%.
- Serum-specific antibody detection methods accelerate testing but are not a complete replacement for qRT-PCR due to complexity and requirements.
Conclusions:
- SARS-CoV-2 detection methods have matured significantly with technological advancements.
- Improved diagnostic techniques have substantially aided in the detection and management of SARS-CoV-2.
- Continued innovation enhances the reliability and speed of viral diagnostics.
