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Degradable and Removable Tough Adhesive Hydrogels.

Benjamin R Freedman1,2, Oktay Uzun2, Nadja M Maldonado Luna1,2,3

  • 1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 25, 2021
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Summary

Researchers developed new degradable tough adhesive hydrogels with high water content. These biocompatible materials exhibit strong adhesion and mechanical properties, degrading safely in vivo for versatile medical applications.

Keywords:
adhesivesbiodegradable materialsbioinspirationbiomaterialshydrogels

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Tough adhesive hydrogels are crucial for biomedical applications, particularly for wet and moving tissues.
  • Current tough hydrogels often contain nondegradable components, limiting their in vivo application duration and potential for removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new family of degradable tough adhesive hydrogels with high water content.
  • To engineer hydrogels with mechanical and adhesive properties comparable to nondegradable counterparts.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo degradation, biocompatibility, and removal of these novel hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized degradable tough hydrogels incorporating covalently networked degradable crosslinkers and hydrolyzable ionically crosslinked main-chain polymers.
  • Characterized mechanical properties including stretchability, fracture energy, and adhesion energy.
  • Assessed degradation kinetics under accelerated in vitro conditions and in vivo up to 16 weeks.
  • Evaluated biocompatibility through in vivo implantation studies and assessed on-demand removal efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Developed hydrogels with ≈90% water content, exhibiting high mechanical toughness (fracture energy >6 kJ m⁻²) and adhesion (adhesion energy >1000 J m⁻²).
  • Achieved complete degradation within 2 weeks in vitro and over weeks to months in vivo, depending on the crosslinker.
  • Demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with minimal adverse reactions and no organ toxicity observed up to 16 weeks post-implantation.
  • Showcased successful on-demand removal using chemical agents without damaging underlying tissue.

Conclusions:

  • The developed degradable tough hydrogels offer a promising alternative to nondegradable adhesives for various in vivo applications.
  • These materials possess tunable degradation profiles and excellent biocompatibility, addressing key limitations of current technologies.
  • The versatility and safety profile pave the way for advanced tissue adhesion and repair strategies.