Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Developing the science of self-healing catalysts.

Faraday discussions·2026

Same author

Lattice-strained Na-ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst boosting CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to long-chain olefins.

Chemical science·2026

Same author

Transformation of CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles into Atomically Dispersed Ce Cations Leads to Enhanced Reactivity for Automotive Emissions Control.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Room-Temperature Transformation of Bulk Materials into Single Atoms for Advancing CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction Efficiency.

ACS nano·2026

Same author

Single-atom Zr promoter boosts oxygen activation on ceria-supported Pt catalysts.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Nanoarchitectonics of vanadium nanoparticles decorated mesoporous carbon nitride in photocatalytic systems: A study on ethylbenzene oxidation reaction.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Thermally Stable Single-Atom Heterogeneous Catalysts.

Haifeng Xiong^1,2, Abhaya K Datye³, Yong Wang⁴

¹State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|March 25, 2021

Summary

Strategies for enhancing the thermal stability of single-atom catalysts (SACs) are crucial for maintaining their high atom efficiency and catalytic performance. This report reviews recent advances in developing durable SACs and their preparation methods.

Keywords:

atom trapping catalytic performance coordination structures single-atom catalysts thermally stable materials

More Related Videos

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Published on: January 17, 2020

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Published on: January 17, 2020

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Nanotechnology

Background:

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom efficiency and unique properties for energy, environmental, and material applications.
However, single atoms often migrate or agglomerate under reaction conditions, reducing catalytic performance.
Improving the thermal stability of SACs is essential for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in the development of thermally durable single-atom heterogeneous catalysts.
To discuss preparation approaches for thermally stable SACs.
To provide fundamental understanding of coordination structures and review catalytic performance.

Main Methods:

Impregnation
Pyrolysis-involved processes
Atom trapping
Coprecipitation

Main Results:

Recent progress in preparing thermally stable SACs is discussed.
Coordination structures of stable single atoms are analyzed.
Catalytic activity and stability of thermally stable SACs are reviewed.

Conclusions:

Development of thermally durable SACs is critical for sustained catalytic performance.
Understanding coordination structures aids in designing stable SACs.
This field is rapidly evolving with significant potential.