Hydroxylation and oxidation of nalidixic acid in the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans

¹Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sint Radboud Hospital, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

|January 1, 1988

Summary

The turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans metabolizes nalidixic acid into 7-hydroxynalidixic acid and 7-carboxynalidixic acid. Unlike humans, turtles do not form glucuronides of these nalidixic acid metabolites.

Area of Science:

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism
Comparative Toxicology
Herpetology

Background:

Nalidixic acid is a first-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
Understanding drug metabolism in non-human species is crucial for ecotoxicology and comparative pharmacology.
Pseudemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider turtle) is a common model organism.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the metabolic pathways of nalidixic acid in the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans.
To determine the elimination half-life of nalidixic acid in this species.
To compare the metabolism of nalidixic acid in turtles with that observed in humans.

Main Methods:

In vivo administration of nalidixic acid to Pseudemys scripta elegans.
Analysis of plasma and excreta for drug metabolites using chromatographic techniques.
Pharmacokinetic analysis to determine elimination half-life.

Main Results:

Nalidixic acid is hydroxylated to 7-hydroxynalidixic acid.
7-hydroxynalidixic acid is further oxidized to 7-carboxynalidixic acid.
The elimination half-life of nalidixic acid in turtles is approximately 30 hours.
No glucuronide conjugates of nalidixic acid or its metabolites were detected in turtles.

Conclusions:

Pseudemys scripta elegans possesses distinct metabolic pathways for nalidixic acid compared to humans.
The turtle's inability to form glucuronides of nalidixic acid and its metabolites suggests species-specific conjugation enzyme activity.
The determined half-life provides valuable data for potential ecotoxicological risk assessments involving fluoroquinolones in aquatic environments.

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Hydroxylation and oxidation of nalidixic acid in the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans

Area of Science:

Background:

Purpose of the Study:

Main Methods:

Main Results:

Conclusions:

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