Dynamic and thermodynamic models of adaptation

Area of Science:

• Interdisciplinary science integrating biology, physics, engineering, and mathematics.
• Focus on biological adaptation and system dynamics.

Background:

• Early work by Cannon (1932) applied engineering principles to biological regulation.
• Selye (1938) introduced the concept of 'adaptation energy,' linking it to thermodynamics.
• The study of adaptation dynamics evolved from phenomenological theories to mathematical modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the mathematical and physical models of biological adaptation.
• To highlight the universal effect of increased correlation and variance during adaptation crises.
• To review recent experimental findings and theoretical developments in adaptation research.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of historical concepts of biological adaptation, including Cannon's regulation and Selye's adaptation energy.
• Examination of studies on the dynamics of correlation and variance in adapting systems.
• Review of various modeling approaches: thermodynamic-like theories, hidden attractor bifurcation, and advection-diffusion models.

Main Results:

• Discovery of a universal effect: increased correlation and variance precede visible stress symptoms in adapting systems.
• Empirical support for this effect across diverse systems: humans, mice, plants, and financial markets.
• Recent advancements include applications in gene networks, cardiology, oncology, depression, and psychotherapy.

Conclusions:

• Biological adaptation is a complex phenomenon with deep roots in physical and mathematical sciences.
• The identified universal crisis effect provides a powerful predictive tool for system instability.
• Ongoing research continues to refine models and expand experimental validation across multiple disciplines.