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Mode coupling in mixed layer (ML) surface ducts is influenced by ocean features. A new parameter quantifies coupling strength, revealing that strong coupling (Γmn>1) significantly alters transmission loss (TL).

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean acoustics
  • Underwater sound propagation
  • Naval oceanography

Background:

  • Surface ducts in the ocean can significantly impact underwater sound propagation.
  • Deterministic features like eddies and salinity anomalies can induce mode coupling within these ducts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of mode coupling in mixed layer (ML) surface ducts.
  • To quantify the strength of mode coupling induced by deterministic upper ocean features.
  • To analyze the impact of mode coupling on underwater acoustic transmission loss (TL).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the single scatter Dyson series solution for mode energy.
  • Defined a non-dimensional mode interaction parameter (Γmn) to measure coupling strength between acoustic modes.
  • Conducted direct coupled mode simulations at 400 and 1000 Hz.

Main Results:

  • Mode coupling strength (Γmn) is dependent on environmental factors and frequency.
  • Weak coupling (Γmn<1) results in minimal transmission loss variability.
  • Strong coupling (Γmn>1) leads to significant changes in transmission loss, with higher-order coupling effects.
  • A frequency-dependent resonance condition exists related to the perturbation range width (Δ).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a quantitative parameter (Γmn) to assess mode coupling in ML surface ducts.
  • Oceanographic features can strongly influence underwater acoustic propagation by inducing mode coupling.
  • Understanding mode coupling is crucial for accurate prediction of acoustic transmission loss in dynamic ocean environments.