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Statistical Inference in Abstracts Published in Cardiovascular Journals.

Andreas Stang1, Markus Deckert2, Susanne Stolpe2

  • 1Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|March 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Null hypothesis testing (NHT) remains prevalent in cardiovascular abstracts, despite calls for alternatives like confidence intervals (CIs). However, the reporting of CIs is increasing in major cardiovascular journals, indicating a potential shift in statistical reporting practices.

Keywords:
cardiovascularconfidence intervalsstatisticsstatistics and numerical data

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biostatistics
  • Scientific Publishing

Background:

  • The American Statistical Association highlighted issues with statistical significance in 2016.
  • Null hypothesis testing (NHT) is a common statistical method, with estimation using confidence intervals (CIs) as a principal alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the time trends in statistical inference and reporting styles within abstracts of leading cardiovascular journals.
  • To compare the prevalence of NHT and CI reporting over time and across different journals.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of 84,250 abstracts from 9 high-impact cardiovascular journals published between 1975 and 2019.
  • Analysis focused on the proportion of abstracts utilizing statistical inference, specifically NHT and CI reporting.

Main Results:

  • Statistical inference was present in 59% of abstracts reviewed.
  • Null hypothesis testing (NHT) was the dominant reporting style (79%).
  • Confidence interval (CI) reporting varied significantly by journal but showed an increasing trend in recent years.

Conclusions:

  • Null hypothesis testing (NHT) continues to be the primary method for statistical inference in major cardiovascular journal abstracts.
  • The use of confidence intervals (CIs) in abstracts is becoming more common in cardiovascular research.