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Overlapping sleep disturbances in persistent tic disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic

Lisa Keenan1, Clara Sherlock1, Jessica Bramham1

  • 1School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|March 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Persistent tic disorders (PTDs) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share sleep issues. The PTD + ADHD group showed the most significant sleep differences compared to controls.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Sleep medicine
  • Clinical psychology

Background:

  • Persistent tic disorders (PTDs) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental conditions.
  • Both PTDs and ADHD are frequently associated with sleep disturbances.
  • Understanding sleep patterns in these conditions is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze objective sleep parameters in individuals with PTD-only, ADHD-only, and co-occurring PTD + ADHD.
  • To identify overlaps and distinctions in sleep characteristics across these diagnostic groups.
  • To compare sleep parameters with control groups.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of databases for studies measuring objective sleep parameters.
  • Meta-analysis conducted using a random effects model.
  • Inclusion of studies utilizing polysomnography as a primary sleep measure.

Main Results:

  • Twenty studies were included, encompassing PTD-only (N=108), PTD + ADHD (N=79), and ADHD-only (N=316) groups, compared to controls (N=336).
  • PTD-only and PTD + ADHD groups exhibited significantly lower sleep efficiency and higher sleep onset latency compared to controls.
  • The PTD + ADHD group also showed significantly increased time in bed and total sleep time; ADHD-only groups did not differ significantly from controls.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct sleep profiles are associated with PTD-only, ADHD-only, and PTD + ADHD diagnoses.
  • The co-occurrence of PTD and ADHD is linked to more pronounced sleep disturbances.
  • Further research is needed to clarify disorder-specific sleep problems and inform clinical monitoring.
Abstract

Keywords:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderMeta-analysisObjective sleep measuresPersistent tic disordersPolysomnographySleepSystematic reviewTourette syndrome

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