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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

Emerging infectious encephalitides.

Arun Venkatesan¹

¹Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurology

|March 26, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Emerging infectious diseases, including mosquito-borne and bat-borne viruses, are increasingly causing encephalitis globally. Enhanced surveillance is crucial for early detection and control of these infections.

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Area of Science:

Infectious diseases
Neuroscience
Public health

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened awareness of emerging infections.
Clinicians and public health experts need to understand novel infectious agents causing encephalitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review emerging infectious causes of encephalitis.
To discuss transmission mechanisms and clinical presentations.
To highlight the role of environmental factors and animal reservoirs.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent findings on emerging infectious encephalitis.
Analysis of arthropod-borne and bat-borne viral encephalitis.
Examination of environmental factors influencing disease emergence.

Main Results:

Arthropod-borne viruses (e.g., Powassan, Chikungunya, tick-borne encephalitis) are causing encephalitis outbreaks.
The bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi is a significant cause of acute encephalitis syndrome in South Asia.
Bat-borne viruses (e.g., Nipah, Ebola) are linked to encephalitis outbreaks, with bat immune systems playing a role in viral tolerance.

Conclusions:

Infectious encephalitis causes continue to emerge globally due to climate change and environmental impacts.
Enhanced surveillance is critical for timely diagnosis and outbreak limitation.
Understanding viral transmission and host-pathogen interactions is key to managing emerging infectious encephalitis.