In situ activation graphitization to fabricate hierarchical porous graphitic carbon for supercapacitor

In situ activation-graphitization method based on the atomically dispersed K and Fe in organic salts is developed to synthesize hierarchical porous graphitic carbon by directly pyrolysis potassium citrate and iron citrate. Moreover, (NH₄)₂C₂O₄ is also employed as both N dopant and porogen to open up internal structure and regulate pore structure. The inside-out activation leads to the homogeneous reaction and interconnected hierarchical porous structure with few dead pores. Accompanied by high specific surface area, appropriate pore distribution, good conductivity, and N/O functional groups, the sample exhibits high capacitance of 322.6 F g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1, good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability with 101.5% capacitance retention after 15,000 cycles. The supercapacitor shows an energy density of 21.3 W h kg^-1 at 456.7 W kg^-1 in 1 M Na₂SO₄. Easy synthesis, cost-effective, and environmentally benign, the work provides a promising strategy to produce hierarchical porous graphitic carbon applied in energy storage.