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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

48.5K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
48.5K
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

42.9K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
42.9K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
6.3K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

9.7K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
9.7K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

55.0K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
55.0K
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

2.5K
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
2.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
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Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

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Audiotactile interactions in the mouse cochlear nucleus.

Josephine Ansorge1, Calvin Wu2, Susan E Shore2,3,4

  • 1Department of Systems Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.

Scientific Reports
|March 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early brain regions integrate sound and touch. Whisker stimulation enhances sound responses in the cochlear nucleus, highlighting crucial audiotactile processing in rodents.

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Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice
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Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory processing

Background:

  • Rodents rely on whiskers for tactile perception due to poor vision.
  • Audiotactile interactions are vital for nocturnal rodents' navigation and exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how whisker deflections influence sound-evoked neural activity in the cochlear nucleus.
  • To determine if multisensory integration occurs in the early auditory brainstem.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo electrophysiological recordings using multichannel silicon probes in anesthetized mice.
  • Recordings were performed in both the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus.
  • Stimulation involved whisker deflections and broadband noise.

Main Results:

  • Whisker deflections increased spiking activity in dorsal cochlear nucleus fusiform cells and ventral cochlear nucleus t-stellate cells.
  • Bushy cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus exhibited variable responses to whisker stimulation.
  • Preceding sound stimulation with whisker input (20 ms) enhanced responses in fusiform and primary-like bushy cells.

Conclusions:

  • Multisensory integration of auditory and tactile information occurs in the cochlear nucleus.
  • This early integration in the brainstem underscores the significance of combined auditory and somatosensory processing.