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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Manganese salts function as potent adjuvants.

Rui Zhang1,2, Chenguang Wang1,2, Yukun Guan1,2,3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Cellular & Molecular Immunology
|March 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Manganese, an essential micronutrient, shows promise as a novel vaccine adjuvant. A colloidal manganese salt (Mn jelly) effectively boosts both humoral and cellular immunity, enhancing vaccine responses.

Keywords:
Manganese (Mn2+)NLRP3adjuvantantigen presentationcGAS-STING

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Aluminum-based adjuvants are widely used but there's a growing need for more potent adjuvants, especially for cellular immunity.
  • Manganese (Mn2+) is an essential micronutrient with previously undefined roles in immunity.
  • Previous research indicated Mn2+ facilitates host defense and cGAS-STING activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of manganese in immune responses.
  • To develop and evaluate a novel manganese-based adjuvant for vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated Mn2+ effects on antigen uptake, presentation, and germinal center formation.
  • Formulated a colloidal manganese salt (Mn jelly, MnJ) as an adjuvant and delivery system.
  • Evaluated MnJ's ability to stimulate humoral and cellular immunity via intramuscular and intranasal administration.

Main Results:

  • Mn2+ significantly promoted immune responses by activating cGAS-STING and NLRP3 pathways.
  • MnJ effectively stimulated antibody production and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell responses.
  • Intranasal MnJ induced secretory IgA, acting as a mucosal adjuvant.
  • MnJ demonstrated efficacy with various antigens, including T cell-dependent and independent types.

Conclusions:

  • Manganese, formulated as MnJ, is a potent immune potentiator and delivery system.
  • MnJ shows promise as a versatile adjuvant candidate for various vaccine applications.
  • This study highlights manganese's potential in advancing vaccine development.