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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
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Alcohol Interventions for College Students Improves Antecedents of Behavioral Change: Results from a Meta-Analysis of
Lori A J Scott-Sheldon1, Kelly S DeMartini1, Kate B Carey1
1Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University.
Abstract:
The current meta-analysis examined the effects of individual-level alcohol interventions on college students' knowledge and psychological outcomes at first post-intervention assessment. Data from 34 randomized controlled trials published between 1980 and June 2007 (N = 8,569) were included. Independent raters coded participant characteristics, design and methodological features, and intervention content. Weighted mean effect sizes, using both fixed- and random-effects models, were calculated; positive effect sizes indicated greater improvement in alcohol-related knowledge or psychological outcomes. Compared to controls, alcohol interventions improved participants' alcohol-related knowledge, attitudes toward drinking, and descriptive norms (vis-à-vis national college students), and intentions to consume alcohol but did not improve alcohol expectancies or self-efficacy. Several sample, study and intervention characteristics moderated the knowledge and psychological outcomes. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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