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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture
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Tight junctions and their regulation by non-coding RNAs.

Xiaojiao Zhao1, Hongliang Zeng2, Li Lei1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.

International Journal of Biological Sciences
|March 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tight junctions (TJs) form crucial barriers in the body, regulating molecular passage and cell function. This review explores TJ structure, function, and regulation by non-coding RNAs across various tissues.

Keywords:
circular RNAslong-noncoding RNAsmicro-RNAstight junction

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Tight junctions (TJs) are essential cell-cell adhesion structures forming the uppermost layer of epithelial and endothelial cells.
  • They regulate paracellular transport, maintain cell polarity, and act as barriers against microbial invasion.
  • TJ dysfunction is implicated in various diseases across multiple organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of tight junctions in different organs and tissues.
  • To highlight the role of non-coding RNAs in regulating tight junction proteins and their functions.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of tight junction biology and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on tight junctions.
  • Analysis of TJ structure, function, and regulation in various biological contexts.
  • Synthesis of information on non-coding RNA involvement in TJ modulation.

Main Results:

  • TJs control intercellular pathways, coordinating molecular traffic and barrier permeability.
  • They are vital in diverse barriers, including skin, gut, blood-brain barrier, and others.
  • Non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs) directly and indirectly regulate TJ proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Tight junctions are fundamental for tissue integrity and physiological homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of TJs contributes to disease pathogenesis.
  • Non-coding RNAs represent a significant regulatory layer for TJ function, offering potential therapeutic targets.