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Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Endoscopic Ossiculoplasty – Techniques, Innovations, and Practical Guidance for Clinical Integration
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The effects of orthognathic surgery on auditory function.

Farhad Ghorbani1, Hossein Danesteh1, Afshin Khoramnia1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|March 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Orthognathic surgery generally does not significantly impact hearing function. While minor, temporary changes may occur post-surgery, hearing typically returns to normal or remains unaffected.

Keywords:
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction TestEustachian tubeOrthognathic surgeryOsteotomyPure tone audiometryTympanometry

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Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Audiology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Orthognathic surgery corrects skeletal and functional issues.
  • Potential side effects are inherent to surgical procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess hearing function changes after orthognathic surgery.
  • Investigate effects based on surgical movements (maxilla/mandible).

Main Methods:

  • 31 patients undergoing single or double jaw surgery.
  • Audiometry (PTA, tympanometry, ETFT) at 24h, 6 weeks, 6 months.
  • Analysis by surgical movement type (horizontal/vertical).

Main Results:

  • No significant hearing threshold changes via PTA.
  • Tympanometry showed no significant difference between movement types.
  • Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Test (ETFT) showed temporary negative changes with vertical movements, resolving by 6 months.

Conclusions:

  • Minor hearing changes are possible within the first week post-orthognathic surgery.
  • These changes are usually temporary or negligible.
  • Informed consent and postoperative reassurance are recommended.