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Differences in exopolysaccharides of three microbial aggregates.

Fan Yang1, Hanxiang Li1, Shuai Wang1

  • 1College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.

Environmental Technology
|March 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Microbial aggregate morphology is influenced by exopolysaccharides (EPS). Granular sludge EPS, with high hydrophobicity and specific distribution, promotes compact aggregation, unlike biofilms and flocculent sludge.

Keywords:
Microbial aggregatesXDLVO theoryexopolysaccharide distributionexopolysaccharideshydrogen bonds

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microbial aggregates exhibit diverse morphologies, with extracellular polymer substances (EPS) crucial for their formation.
  • Understanding the role of EPS in microbial aggregation is key to optimizing processes like wastewater treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the morphology and exopolysaccharides (EPS) of three distinct microbial aggregates: granular sludge, biofilms, and flocculent sludge.
  • To elucidate the relationship between EPS properties (hydrophobicity, charge, functional groups, hydrogen bonding) and microbial aggregation characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) analysis to assess interaction forces.
  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze EPS composition.
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to visualize EPS distribution within aggregates.

Main Results:

  • Granular sludge exhibited the largest size and most compact shape, followed by biofilms, with flocculent sludge being the loosest.
  • Granular sludge EPS showed highest hydrophobicity (38.08%) and lowest surface charge (-20.5 mV).
  • EPS composition, including hydrophilic/hydrophobic and charged functional groups, dictates aggregate properties and hydrogen bond content influences hydrogel formation.

Conclusions:

  • EPS properties, particularly hydrophobicity, surface charge, and functional group content, significantly influence microbial aggregate morphology.
  • The unique nuclear distribution of α-polysaccharides in granular sludge enhances its aggregation efficiency.
  • This study provides novel insights into the role of exopolysaccharides in determining the distinct aggregation morphologies of microbial communities.