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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
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Transient changes in white matter microstructure during general anesthesia.

Cheuk Y Tang1,2,3, Victoria X Wang1, Min Yin Lun1

  • 1BioMedical Engineering Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America.

Plos One
|March 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sevoflurane anesthesia transiently alters white matter microstructure in healthy adults, as shown by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) metrics. These changes were temporary and not detected days after anesthesia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Anesthesiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction post-anesthesia is common in the elderly.
  • Limited understanding of anesthesia's impact on brain structure.
  • Need to investigate anesthetic effects beyond physiological responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on white matter microstructure.
  • To compare Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) metrics during anesthesia and awake states.
  • To assess the persistence of these changes post-anesthesia.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) used in healthy subjects.
  • Comparison of DTI metrics (Fractional Anisotropy, diffusivity) during sevoflurane anesthesia and awake states.
  • Volumetric analysis of white and gray matter.

Main Results:

  • Sevoflurane anesthesia caused transient decreases in Fractional Anisotropy and increases in diffusivity across the brain.
  • These DTI changes were independent of age and sex.
  • Volumetric analysis revealed decreases in white matter and increases in gray matter volumes during anesthesia.

Conclusions:

  • Sevoflurane anesthesia induces significant, yet transient, alterations in white matter microstructure.
  • No measurable long-term effects on white matter integrity were observed at 2 and 7 days post-anesthesia.
  • Anesthetic effects on white matter microstructure should be considered in future MRI studies and research on consciousness.