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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
Published on: March 18, 2019
For four sixes, revisited
Andrew DiBiase1, Cara Sandler2, Paul Jonathan Sandler3
1Department of Orthodontics, William Harvey Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
Rarely is the extraction of the four first molars the ideal choice in the course of orthodontic treatment, particularly in older patients. Although this approach can offer distinct advantages in carefully selected patients, it is also associated with a number of well-recognized problems, including the extension of treatment times, anchorage management, and control of second molars during space closure. However, by careful use of contemporary materials and techniques, a high standard of treatment can be achieved, even in patients with complex malocclusions. This is illustrated in a report of a case that highlights both the challenges and some of the solutions this treatment modality can offer.
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