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Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
Published on: May 2, 2025
Inflammation-targeted therapies and cancer
Joanna Kedra1, Gaetane Nocturne2, Xavier Mariette2
1Inserm U1184, service de rhumatologie, fédération hospitalo-universitaire CARE (Cancer and Autoimmunity Relationship), université Paris-Saclay, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm UMR S1136, institut Pierre-Louis d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
Objective:
To review and analyze the current knowledge on the risk of malignancy associated with inflammation-targeted therapies in rheumatic diseases.
Methods:
We performed a non-systematic literature review on PubMEd MEDLINE by screening randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, reviews, and observational studies focusing on malignancies and inflammation-targeted therapies including TNF inhibitors, other biologics and JAK inhibitors in rheumatic diseases.
Results:
Data from literature are reassuring regarding the overall risk of incident and recurrent cancer with TNF inhibitors. The risk of lymphoma is more difficult to analyze and data are controversial; however, in most of the studies, this risk does not seem to be significanlty increased. By contrast, there is probably an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer associated with TNF inhibitors, as with other immunosuppressants. There is no signal for an increased risk of malignancies with other biological DMARDs, but additional data are needed. A recent post-marketing surveillance study found out an increased risk of malignancies for tofacitinib compared with TNFi; additional data are, therefore, urgently needed to confirm or not these results.
Conclusion:
Data are presently reassuring regarding the overall risk of cancer, whatever the inflammation-targeted treatment. However, additional data are needed for non-TNF biologics and JAK-inhibitors.
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